What Is a Greens Powder? Ingredients, the Trials and the Label

A British woman in her thirties stirs a green drink in a tall glass at a sunlit kitchen worktop, a navy tin of powder open beside her and a yellow measuring spoon resting on its lid.
In this article
  1. What is a greens powder?
  2. What is in a greens powder, and what is each part for?
  3. What can a greens powder label say?
  4. Does a greens powder count towards 5 A Day?
  5. What have the trials of whole greens blends measured?
  6. How to read a greens powder label
  7. Who should check before taking a greens powder?
  8. What we don't know
  9. Frequently asked questions

A greens powder is a food supplement made from dried plant ingredients, usually leaf and grass powders, algae, fruit and vegetable powders and a fibre, with a vitamin and mineral premix added, sold as a loose powder to stir into water or as single-serving sachets.1 It is regulated as a food, so what its label may claim is fixed by the GB register of authorised health claims, and by the Advertising Standards Authority's ruling of 4 July 2018 a fruit and vegetable powder does not count towards 5 A Day; Public Health England's advice, recorded in that ruling, was that powders did not count.2, 11, 18 Seven human studies have tested whole blends, four of them on one maker's product and funded by that maker; the table below reports what each measured and found.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Sources checked on 3 November 2026.

Evidence at a glance

  • Tested on whole blends: seven human studies, four on one maker's product (16, 20, 30 and 120 adults; a single dose to 12 weeks), one each on a second and a third maker's blend (21 and 10 adults; 30 days and 4 weeks), and one 2 g a day powder in 47 adults in hospital with COVID-19; six of the seven were funded or supplied by the maker.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
  • Found: the added vitamins and minerals were absorbed and raised the number of estimated average requirements met; digestive quality of life did not differ significantly from placebo in either trial that measured it (p = 0.777; p = 0.058); 12 weeks changed no blood safety marker; epigenetic age did not improve, and metabolic markers and body composition were unchanged, over 30 days.4, 5, 6, 7, 8
  • Not tested on any whole blend: energy, tiredness or an immune outcome in healthy adults; anything beyond 12 weeks; a powder against an equal weight of vegetables (PubMed, 3 November 2026).
  • The label: an authorised claim attaches to a named vitamin or mineral present at a significant amount, 15% of the reference value, never to the greens; "superfood" is a general health claim that needs a specific authorised claim beside it; every detox wording on the register is non-authorised and no alkalising wording is on it.2, 11, 12, 13

What is a greens powder?

A greens powder is dried plant material milled fine enough to stir into water, blended with a vitamin and mineral premix and sold as a food supplement, one of the forms the government's consumer guidance lists alongside tablets, capsules, gummies and liquids.1 The plant part is usually a mixture: spinach, kale, broccoli, alfalfa, barley grass or wheatgrass; spirulina or chlorella, sometimes kelp; beetroot, berry and other fruit powders; a fibre such as acacia or chicory root; and on many labels live cultures, digestive enzymes, botanical extracts and mushroom powders. The format varies more than the blend does: a tub measured by the teaspoon or scoop, a sachet for one serving, pressed tablets or capsules, or a ready-made drink; six of the seven trials below gave a powder and one gave capsules, and none compared formats.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 If the label lists potassium or sodium, what electrolytes do explains those minerals and the UK reference figures.

What is in a greens powder, and what is each part for?

The label lists the ingredients by weight, and each group has its own evidence, held on the page that owns it.

  • Leaf and grass powders (spinach, kale, broccoli, alfalfa, barley grass, wheatgrass): dried green leaf, which the NHS lists first among food sources of vitamin K; the register holds no authorised claim for wheatgrass or barley grass.11, 14
  • Algae (spirulina, chlorella; kelp on some labels): spirulina and chlorella are freshwater algae and carry little iodine; kelp is a seaweed, so a blend that lists it is the one to read for iodine, as what sea moss is and why its iodine varies explains.15 Neither alga has an authorised claim.11 Vegan protein sources sets out why both are eaten by the teaspoon.
  • Fruit and vegetable powders (beetroot, blueberry, blackcurrant, baobab and the rest): beetroot capsules carries the one trial dose a label figure can be read against.
  • Fibres (acacia, inulin or chicory root fibre, apple fibre): what inulin is has the trials, the register's one wording and the side effects.
  • Live cultures: counted in colony-forming units; what probiotics are explains CFU and what the trials measured.
  • Digestive enzymes: declared by the milligram; none of the seven whole-blend trials measured what they do.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
  • Botanical and mushroom extracts (ashwagandha, green tea, turmeric, maca, lion's mane, reishi, chaga): the trial doses are in the ashwagandha, turmeric, maca and mushroom guides, and the milligrams in a blend are read against them.
  • The vitamin and mineral premix: the part of the label the authorised claims attach to, and the part how to read a supplement label is about.

What can a greens powder label say?

Only what the GB register authorises, in the register's words. A health claim is prohibited unless it is on the list of authorised claims, and a vitamin or mineral qualifies for its claim when the product supplies a significant amount of it, which the Department of Health and Social Care's guidance puts at 15% of the reference value.2, 12 So "vitamin C contributes to the normal function of the immune system" belongs to the vitamin C in the premix, at that amount, and says nothing about the spinach; what vitamin C is good for sets out the evidence behind that wording.11 The register holds no row for chlorella, spirulina, wheatgrass, barley grass or moringa, and its chlorophyll antioxidant entry is non-authorised.11 "Superfood", "full of goodness" and "detox" are the examples the Committee of Advertising Practice gives of general health claims, which the regulation allows only when a specific authorised claim sits beside them.2, 13 CAP's position on detox is that the body's liver and kidneys "automatically detoxify and excrete many toxic materials" and that it "has not seen evidence to support the theory that toxins can be removed from the body by other means"; the register's detox entries are all non-authorised and no alkalising wording is on it.11, 16 One more rule shapes every label: a claim may not "state, suggest or imply that a balanced and varied diet cannot provide appropriate quantities of nutrients in general".17

Does a greens powder count towards 5 A Day?

No, by the advertising regulator's ruling and Public Health England's advice. The NHS counts 80 g of fresh, canned or frozen fruit and vegetables as one portion, 30 g of dried fruit as one, and 150 ml of juice or smoothie as one portion at most, once a day; powders are not on the list.3 When a greens drink was advertised as "6 of your 5 a day", the ASA ruled on 4 July 2018 that because the product was a powder mixed with water it "could not count towards portions of 'five a day'", and recorded Public Health England's advice of 12 June 2018 that fruit and vegetable powders did not count because they were "too far removed from the original product" and there was insufficient evidence that they gave the same benefit as the fruit or vegetable itself.18 CAP's advice since is that a product claiming to be one of a person's 5 A Day must meet the criteria for a portion of fresh fruit or vegetables.18 What a serving does give is on its label: the fibre grams, which count towards the day's 30 g in the same way a gummy's do, and the declared vitamins and minerals.19, 24 How much fibre you need a day does the arithmetic.

What have the trials of whole greens blends measured?

Seven human records. A PubMed search on 3 November 2026 for greens powder, greens blend and fruit-and-vegetable powder trials (17 hits) found no further whole-blend study. Each is reported as it stands: design, people, dose, length, what was measured, what was found and who paid.

The seven human studies of whole greens blends, by record.
Study What was taken What was measured, and found Funding
Single dose, 16 active adults, double-blind placebo crossover (2026)4 One 13 g serving of one maker's blend in water after an overnight fast Blood levels of nine vitamins and minerals over eight hours: higher than placebo for every nutrient except vitamin B6 (a weak trend); no serious adverse events Funded by the maker; five authors its employees
14 days a period, 20 resistance-trained adults, double-blind placebo crossover (2026)5 A daily sachet of the same blend Estimated average requirements met from recalled diet plus the product: up by 2.8 against placebo (p = 0.0011); the product's own culture species enriched in stool; digestive quality of life no different (p = 0.777) Funded by the maker; employees as authors
4 weeks, 30 healthy adults, double-blind placebo parallel trial (2024)6 A daily serving of the same blend Two culture species, likely from the product, enriched in stool; digestive quality of life +62.5% against -50% on placebo, p = 0.058, not significant; stool habit and blood safety markers unchanged; one mild adverse event, similar to placebo Funded in part by the maker; two authors its employees
12 weeks, 120 healthy adults (105 completed), triple-blind placebo parallel trial (2025, published as an abstract)7 13 g a day of the same blend in water Blood count, metabolic panel and lipids: no significant effect on any marker; no adverse events in either group Funded by the maker; seven authors its employees
30 days a period, 21 adults aged 50 to 65 with obesity (19 completed), open-label crossover, no placebo (2026)8 10.43 g a day of a second maker's greens blend Epigenetic age by four clocks: Horvath age rose during supplementation (p = 0.059, not significant), the other three unchanged; metabolic blood markers, body composition, dietary intake, breath gases, sleep and mood unchanged A service agreement with the maker, which supplied the product
4 weeks, 10 healthy adults, uncontrolled before-and-after (2011)9 Three or six teaspoons a day of a third maker's blend Serum antioxidant capacity rose and lipid and protein oxidation markers fell at six teaspoons a day but not at three; weight, BMI and blood pressure unchanged Product and financial support from its maker
4 weeks, 47 adults in hospital with COVID-19, randomised, no placebo (2022)10 2 g a day of a "superfood" powder in capsules beside standard hospital care Five blood cytokines: IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha fell more than in the control group, IL-17 and interferon-gamma no different; the course of the disease "to large part unaffected" No commercial or financial conflict declared

Read as a set, the trials show that the added vitamins and minerals in a blend are absorbed and raise the number of estimated average requirements a day's food meets, that the two measures of digestive quality of life did not differ from placebo, and that 12 weeks of daily use changed no blood safety marker.4, 5, 6, 7 Beyond a blood antioxidant marker in ten people, what the plant fraction does for a healthy adult has not been measured (the gaps are listed under What we don't know); what the premix does is on the register, nutrient by nutrient.9, 11

How to read a greens powder label

The statutory lines are the same for every format, the daily portion, the do-not-exceed warning, the varied-diet statement and the amount of each vitamin and mineral per daily portion with its percentage of the reference value among them, and how to read a supplement label explains each.19 The lines that vary between greens powders:

  • Per-ingredient amounts. Some labels give a milligram figure for each plant ingredient, others only the total weight of a named blend; the per-ingredient figure is the one that can be read against a trial dose.
  • Fibre grams. The fibre line sets the most inulin or acacia a serving can hold, usually a few grams, against the 12 g a day of native chicory inulin that carries the register's bowel wording.11
  • Vitamin K. Leaf, grass and algae powders are concentrated green leaf, the food source the NHS lists first for vitamin K, and the one published analysis of green-leaf powder products, a 2006 Japanese survey of 26 powders, found vitamin K1 at 410 to 3,300 micrograms per 100 g, an eightfold range between products, so a serving's vitamin K depends on the product and is a figure to ask the maker for.14, 25 That matters for one group of readers, below.
  • Iodine. Only a seaweed ingredient such as kelp carries it in amounts that count: in the 2024 UK analysis, spirulina and chlorella powders held 1.07 to 3.17 mg per kilogram against about 1,925 mg/kg on average in seaweeds, and a blend listing kelp without an iodine figure is an unknown dose.15
  • Live cultures. A count guaranteed to the best-before date tells you what you will take; a count "at time of manufacture" does not.
  • Heavy metals. GB law sets maximum levels for food supplements of 3.0 mg/kg lead, 1.0 mg/kg cadmium (3.0 for supplements consisting mainly of dried seaweed) and 0.1 mg/kg mercury; in a 2025 analysis of 52 spirulina and chlorella products, all complied with the limits for toxic metals.20, 21 A published certificate of analysis answers the question for the product in your hand.

Who should check before taking a greens powder?

The government's consumer guidance says: "Check with your GP or healthcare professional before taking a food supplement if you are pregnant, breastfeeding, have any medical conditions or are taking any regular prescribed medication", and to tell your doctor about any supplement you take if you are prescribed a medicine.1 Two medicines deserve a named line. Warfarin: the NHS says "Do not take the herbal remedy St John's wort or vitamin K supplements while you're taking warfarin", that foods high in vitamin K "can affect how warfarin works", that you can still eat them but should "talk to your warfarin clinic for advice", and to "talk to your doctor before making any big changes to your diet"; a daily drink of concentrated green leaf is that kind of change, and vitamin K2 foods and warfarin carries the clinic rule.22 Levothyroxine: the NHS says some supplements "may not mix well" with it and to tell your doctor about any supplement you take; a blend that lists kelp or seaweed is an iodine source, and thyroid supplements, iodine and selenium has the NHS figures.23 If your immune system is weakened, the live-culture line is the one to ask about first: the NHS says to talk to a doctor before any probiotic supplement, and what probiotics are sets out who that covers.26 If you feel unwell after a supplement, the guidance is to stop taking it and contact a healthcare professional; a concern about a supplement's safety, labelling or claims is reported to your local authority, which passes food safety incidents to the Food Standards Agency.1

What we don't know

  • Whether a whole greens blend changes energy, tiredness or any immune outcome in healthy adults: no trial has measured them (PubMed, 3 November 2026).
  • What happens beyond 12 weeks: the longest trial of a whole blend is the 12-week safety trial (an abstract).7
  • How much vitamin K a serving carries: the one published analysis, of 26 Japanese green-leaf powders, found an eightfold range between products, so the figure for any one powder is the maker's to give.25
  • How a powder compares with the same weight of vegetables: none of the seven trials compared the two.4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

Frequently asked questions

Can a greens powder replace vegetables?

Not for 5 A Day, and not on a label: the ASA ruled in 2018 that a fruit and vegetable powder could not count towards the five portions, Public Health England's advice, recorded in that ruling, was that powders did not count, and the regulation bars any claim that a balanced and varied diet cannot supply the nutrients people need; the 5 A Day section above has the ruling.17, 18 What a serving does give is the fibre grams and the vitamins and minerals on its label.19

Should you take a greens powder every day?

The trials gave it daily, and the longest, a maker-funded 12-week trial in 120 adults published as an abstract, found no change in blood safety markers and no adverse events.7 The label's daily portion is the amount; the government guidance says not to take more than the recommended dose.1 If the fibre line is several grams, the first week can bring wind, which why fibre makes you bloated explains dose by dose.

What is the best time to take a greens powder?

No trial has compared morning with any other time. The single-dose absorption study gave the serving after a 10-hour overnight fast, and the longer trials gave it daily without testing when.4, 5, 6, 7, 8 The practical answer is the time it will be taken reliably, with the water the label asks for; the 14-day trial used 500 ml.5

What are the side effects of a greens powder?

In the trials, few: one mild adverse event in the 4-week trial, at the same rate as placebo, and none in 12 weeks in 120 adults; breath hydrogen and methane were unchanged over 30 days in the older adults.6, 7, 8 Outside the trials, the lines to read are the fibre grams, for wind, and the premix, for the vitamin A, iron and zinc advisory statements the label guide lists. Stop and contact a healthcare professional if you feel unwell, and report a safety concern to your local authority.1

What is the difference between a greens powder and a reds powder?

The plant fraction. A reds powder uses berry, beetroot and fruit powders where a greens powder uses leaf, grass and algae; both usually carry a fibre, live cultures and a vitamin and mineral premix, and both labels are read the same way: the claims belong to the named nutrients at their amounts, and 5 A Day is unchanged.2, 18 The seven trials above are of greens blends.

Sources

  1. Department of Health and Social Care and Food Standards Agency. Food supplements: guidance for consumers. Published 25 June 2026. Powders among the forms supplements are sold in; "Food supplements are not intended to replace a varied and balanced diet"; check with a GP or healthcare professional if pregnant, breastfeeding, with a medical condition or on regular prescribed medication; do not take more than the recommended dose; stop and contact a healthcare professional if unwell; report a concern to your Local Authority or District Council, which reports food safety incidents to the Food Standards Agency. gov.uk/government/publications/food-supplements-guidance-for-consumers. Read 3 November 2026.
  2. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods, Article 10 (retained in Great Britain). Health claims prohibited unless authorised and listed (10(1)); the labelling a health claim requires (10(2)); "Reference to general, non-specific benefits of the nutrient or food for overall good health or health-related well-being may only be made if accompanied by a specific health claim" (10(3)). legislation.gov.uk/eur/2006/1924/article/10. Read 3 November 2026.
  3. NHS. 5 A Day: what counts? 80 g of fresh, canned or frozen fruit and vegetables; 30 g of dried fruit; 150 ml of fruit juice, vegetable juice or smoothie counting once a day. nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/5-a-day/5-a-day-what-counts. Page last reviewed 9 June 2026. Read 3 November 2026.
  4. Sapp PA, et al. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2026. Absorption kinetics of vitamins and minerals from a novel nutritional product in physically active adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Single 13 g serving against a matched placebo, 16 healthy active adults, blood sampled over 480 minutes; AUC higher for all measured nutrients except pyridoxine (p = 0.1205); well tolerated. Funded by the product's maker; five authors its employees; the funder took part in design, supervision and writing (full text). PubMed 42518997.
  5. Gonzalez AM, et al. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2026. Nutritional adequacy and gut microbial composition on a multi-ingredient supplement in trained adults. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled crossover, 20 resistance-trained adults, 14 days a period with a 2-week washout, daily sachet in 500 ml of water; micronutrient Estimated Average Requirements met +2.8 against placebo (95% CI 1.1 to 4.4, p = 0.0011); digestion-associated quality of life p = 0.777; selective enrichment of the product's culture species. Funded by the product's maker; six authors its employees (full text). PubMed 41988471.
  6. La Monica MB, et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2024. Gut microbiome, digestive quality of life and safety markers on a multi-ingredient supplement in healthy adults. Parallel trial, 15 men and 15 women, 4 weeks, daily serving against a 12 g maltodextrin placebo; digestive quality of life +62.5% against -50% (p = 0.058, d = 0.73); bowel frequency and stool consistency unchanged; blood count, metabolic panel and lipids unchanged; one mild adverse event. Funded in part by the product's maker; two authors its employees; two authors report supplement-industry funding. PubMed 39352252 (full text PMC11445888).
  7. Wood A, et al. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2025, published as an abstract. Blood safety biomarkers on a multi-ingredient supplement in healthy adults. Randomised triple-blind placebo-controlled parallel trial, 120 healthy adults (105 completed), 13 g a day in water against a maltodextrin placebo, 12 weeks; no significant effect on any clinical blood safety marker (p > 0.05); no adverse events reported for either treatment. Funded by the product's maker; seven authors its employees. doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2550153 (full text PMC12481523).
  8. Robinson LA, et al. Epigenetic and microbiome responses to greens supplementation in obese older adults: results from a randomized crossover-controlled trial. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2026. Open-label randomised crossover without placebo, 21 adults aged 50 to 65 with a BMI over 30 (19 completed), 10.43 g a day for 30 days; Horvath epigenetic age increased during supplementation (p = 0.059), PCGrimAge, AdaptAge and DamAge unchanged (p = 0.369, 0.250, 0.107); metabolic biomarkers, body composition, dietary intake, breath gases, sleep and psychosocial measures unchanged. Supported by a service agreement with the product's maker, which supplied the supplement; the authors declare no conflict (full text). PubMed 41717034.
  9. Rao V, et al. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2011. In vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties of a plant-based greens blend. Uncontrolled before-and-after study, 10 healthy adults, three or six teaspoons a day for 4 weeks after a 2-week run-in; total antioxidant capacity significantly higher at six teaspoons (p < 0.05), not at three; serum malondialdehyde and protein oxidation reduced at six teaspoons, not at three; body weight, BMI and blood pressure unchanged. Product supplied and financial support from its maker (acknowledgements, full text). PubMed 21954333.
  10. Azizi Jalilian F, et al. Frontiers in Immunology, 2022. A superfood powder and immune markers in patients in hospital with COVID-19. Randomised trial without placebo beside standard care (the authors describe patients and researchers as blinded to allocation and the treating clinicians as aware), 47 adults in hospital with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 (24 intervention, 23 control), 2 g a day in capsules beside standard care for 4 weeks; mean decreases in IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha greater than control by 0.93, 10.28 and 8.11 pg/ml (p < 0.001); IL-17, interferon-gamma and other indices no different; "the course of the disease was to large part unaffected". No commercial or financial conflict declared; funding not stated on the record. PubMed 36091037.
  11. Department of Health and Social Care. Great Britain nutrition and health claims (NHC) register, 19 May 2026. No row for chlorella, spirulina, wheatgrass, barley grass or moringa; the chlorophyll antioxidant entry non-authorised; every detox entry non-authorised; no alkalising entry; the vitamin C, vitamin K and iodine wordings authorised at a source-of level; one authorised inulin wording, native chicory inulin at 12 g a day. gov.uk/government/publications/great-britain-nutrition-and-health-claims-nhc-register. Read 3 November 2026.
  12. Department of Health and Social Care. Nutrition and health claims: guidance to compliance with Regulation (EC) 1924/2006. For vitamins and minerals, 15% of the RDA (the reference value) is the significant amount for a claim. gov.uk/government/publications/nutrition-and-health-claims-guidance-to-compliance-with-regulation-ec-1924-2006-on-nutrition-and-health-claims-made-on-foods. Read 3 November 2026.
  13. Committee of Advertising Practice. AdviceOnline: Food: general health claims. "Superfood", "full of goodness" and "detox" as examples of general health claims; a general health claim must be accompanied by a specific authorised claim. asa.org.uk/advice-online/food-general-health-claims. Read 3 November 2026.
  14. NHS. Vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables such as broccoli and spinach as sources; adults need approximately 1 microgram a day for each kilogram of body weight. nhs.uk/conditions/vitamins-and-minerals/vitamin-k. Page last reviewed 3 August 2020; its stated next review date, 3 August 2023, has passed. Read 3 November 2026.
  15. Casas-Agustench P, et al. Foods, 2024. Laboratory analysis (ICP-MS) of 23 commercial algae bought in the UK; iodine 1.63 and 1.07 mg/kg in two spirulina powders, 2.20 and 3.17 mg/kg in two chlorella powders, 17.61 mg/kg mean across microalgae against 1,925.01 mg/kg across macroalgae. University of Plymouth pump-priming fund; no conflicts declared. PubMed 39200542 (full text PMC11353717, Table 2).
  16. Committee of Advertising Practice. AdviceOnline: Detoxing: general, 25 October 2022. The liver and kidneys "automatically detoxify and excrete many toxic materials"; CAP and the ASA have "not seen evidence to support the theory that toxins can be removed from the body by other means". asa.org.uk/advice-online/detoxing-general. Read 3 November 2026.
  17. Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, Article 3 (retained in Great Britain). Claims shall not "state, suggest or imply that a balanced and varied diet cannot provide appropriate quantities of nutrients in general". legislation.gov.uk/eur/2006/1924/article/3. Read 3 November 2026.
  18. Advertising Standards Authority. Ruling of 4 July 2018, complaint reference A18-443816, on a "6 of your 5 a day" claim for a fruit and vegetable powder drink: upheld; the powder "could not count towards portions of 'five a day'"; Public Health England's advice of 12 June 2018 that fruit and vegetable powders did not count, being "too far removed from the original product". Summarised in Committee of Advertising Practice, AdviceOnline: Food: 5 A Day claims, which adds that a product must meet the criteria for a portion of fresh fruit or vegetables. asa.org.uk/advice-online/food-5-a-day-claims. Read 3 November 2026.
  19. The Food Supplements (England) Regulations 2003, regulation 6 (labelling), as amended. The name "food supplement", the recommended daily portion, the warning not to exceed it, the statement that supplements should not be used as a substitute for a varied diet, "keep out of reach of young children", and the amounts of vitamins and minerals per daily portion with the percentage of the reference value. legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2003/1387/regulation/6. Read 3 November 2026.
  20. Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs, Annex (retained in Great Britain). Food supplements: lead 3.0 mg/kg; cadmium 1.0 mg/kg, or 3.0 mg/kg for supplements consisting exclusively or mainly of dried seaweed or products derived from seaweed; mercury 0.1 mg/kg. legislation.gov.uk/eur/2006/1881/annex. Read 3 November 2026.
  21. Sochacka M, et al. Spirulina and chlorella dietary supplements: are they a source solely of valuable nutrients? International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025. Laboratory analysis of 52 commercial spirulina and chlorella products (29 conventional, 23 organic) by ICP-MS and LC-MS/MS; all samples complied with the EU limits for toxic metals; pharmaceutical residues detected. The authors declare no conflicts of interest; funding not stated on the record. PubMed 41226507.
  22. NHS. Warfarin. "Do not take the herbal remedy St John's wort or vitamin K supplements while you're taking warfarin"; foods high in vitamin K "can affect how warfarin works"; "talk to your warfarin clinic for advice"; "Talk to your doctor before making any big changes to your diet". nhs.uk/medicines/warfarin. Page last reviewed 24 February 2026. Read 3 November 2026.
  23. NHS. Levothyroxine. "There are some medicines, remedies and supplements that may not mix well with levothyroxine"; tell your doctor about any other medicines, herbal remedies, vitamins or supplements. nhs.uk/medicines/levothyroxine. Page last reviewed 6 July 2026. Read 3 November 2026.
  24. NHS. How to get more fibre into your diet. Adults should aim for 30 g of fibre a day. nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/digestive-health/how-to-get-more-fibre-into-your-diet. Page last reviewed 2 March 2026. Read 3 November 2026.
  25. Sakamaki N, et al. Determination of vitamin K in aojiru (green juice) products by HPLC. Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 2006;47(2):85-88, in Japanese with an English abstract. Laboratory survey (HPLC) of 41 aojiru green-leaf products (kale, ashitaba, mulberry leaf, barley grass and the like) and 10 vegetable juices bought in Japan; vitamin K1 in the 26 powders 410 to 3,300 micrograms per 100 g (the 8 frozen products 90 to 190, the 7 tablet products 640 to 3,100); vitamin K2 not detected; estimated daily vitamin K intake from the powders 20 to 250 micrograms; the authors note that people prescribed warfarin should take care over their intake from these products. Funding not stated on the record. PubMed 16729670.
  26. NHS. Probiotics. "If you have an existing health condition or a weakened immune system, you should talk to a doctor before taking any probiotic supplements." nhs.uk/conditions/probiotics. Page last reviewed 24 November 2022; its stated next review date, 24 November 2025, has passed. Read 3 November 2026.

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This article is general information, not medical advice. If you take warfarin or another anticoagulant, levothyroxine or any regular prescribed medicine, or are pregnant or breastfeeding, ask your GP, pharmacist or clinic before starting a greens powder, and never change a prescribed medicine on your own account.